Government involvement in the economy where the line between delicate care and tight control should be drawn

Government involvement in the economy where the line between delicate care and tight control should be drawn Introduction Although government often influences the economy of the state greatly, the link between the two is rather loose. In fact, once a state allows private entrepreneurship, economy is no longer in the hands of those beholding power – on the contrary, these are business people who shape the realm of the state’s economy, thus, contributing to its development and enhancing the cooperation with foreign countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Government involvement in the economy: where the line between delicate care and tight control should be drawn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Naturally, letting the state economy be guided by private industries must seem extremely risky to the government, which must be the key reason why in most states, the question whether economy should be government-driven or powered by private entrepreneurships solely remains open. Like many other dilemmas, the given one seems to have its solution concealed in between the choices. While private entrepreneurships must be the key driving power behind the state economy, in the instances of crises, the interference of the government is crucial for the state economy to be stable; however, in an attempt to control the market and prevent the possibility of a crisis, the government creates obstacles in the way of private enterprises development. Government Control vs. Freedom of Entrepreneurship: The Golden Mean Whenever government tries to take control over the state economy and coordinate the actions of private entrepreneurs, the progress of the state is threatened, mostly because authorities tend to impose their vision of what strategies the companies should adopt. Therefore, basically, by intruding into the sphere of private entrepreneurship, the government creates only two problems, yet these problems affect the business sphere immensely, shaping the economy of the state and influencing other fields, such as finances, social life, the international image of the state, etc. To be more exact, with its interference into the realm of private business, government restrains entrepreneurship and intrudes rudely into the financial operations of private businessmen, which can be viewed as the infringement of the latter’s rights. Another obvious problem with the intrusion of the state into the private business sphere is that the solutions to the problems, as well as the strategies, cannot possibly take into account every single specifics of the company in question; otherwise, the state would have to control every single move of every single company, which would be practically impossible.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To make the matters worse, the principles of organizational and industrial psychology would be ignored completely in the cases when the state would have to make a decision for the company. Therefore, not only the financial state of affairs in the company would gradually turn worse, but also the company culture and the quality of the organizational behavior. Finally, being ruled by the government, an organization can possibly lose the track of the updates on the company data, which will definitely lead to the organization’s rapid decay. The last, but definitely not the least argument concerns personal freedom. Even though the state control over entrepreneurships might be viewed as the means to make certain that the state economy is going in the right direction, it must be admitted that the unceasing manipulation of private companies by the government can be regarded as the infringement of people’s rights to run their own business. It would be wrong, however, to claim that the government must not interfere into the state economy under any circumstances. While in the realm of reasonable competition and great financial assets of the country, private entrepreneurship will most likely flourish even in the foreign market, combining their own advantages with the support that the state gives them, in the crisis environment, private enterprises will need considerable help. At this point, the government should provide businesses with financial, economic and moral support for them to feel safe even in such critical situation. Therefore, the positive aspects of government interfering the economic affairs of the state enterprises is that in cases of crises, government helps find the ways to deal with the crisis faster, offering at the same time financial support. In case of a crisis, there are three basic steps that the government can take to help entrepreneurships, including cutting taxes, providing the growth of money supply and making the interest rates rise. Though cutting taxes might lead to the problems regarding free state services, for example, providing free medical help (Medicare), or offering free tuit ion in public schools, together with the pension cuts, state grants and other monetary supplies. That being said, it becomes clear that the growth of money supply for the private entrepreneurships will most likely strike a fraction of the state population, who are just as vulnerable towards shifts in the state economy as private entrepreneurships. However, the changes listed above often happen to be very difficult to carry out. Since the slightest change in the governmental policy regarding a specific issue will inevitably trigger a rapid change in the related fields, the government is often quite reluctant to shape the existing policy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Government involvement in the economy: where the line between delicate care and tight control should be drawn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, once the government takes actions, the rest of the fields in economy, politics and finances will d emand further changes. Hence, it can be concluded that the governmental impact on the economic progress of the state can be quite positive as long as the government does not impose its will on the private enterprises for them to change their strategy and shape their course of actions towards the one that the state authorities consider more reasonable. Working on the Probable Solutions: Reaching a Compromise Although the issue concerning the state control over entrepreneurship is rather complicated, it can still be solved once the owners of private enterprises, as well as the representatives of the government structures, try to find a common language and search for possible compromises. However, one issue must be made perfectly clear; on no account may private entrepreneurship be ruled by any other person than its legal owner. After the owners of private companies realize that they have the right to control their enterprise on their own, they will be able to work on a reasonable solu tion to the given issue. Among the already existing suggestions, the mixed economy should be mentioned. According to the existing definition, a mixed economy is the economic strategy that defines the role of the government as protecting public companies and preserving the private ones. It is important to keep in mind that the economical performance of a state should be defined by its GDP (Gross Domestic Product, i.e., the productivity of the companies within a particular country) and GNP (the productivity of the companies belonging to the residents of the specified country). Therefore, it is essential that private enterprises should be encouraged and not restricted by the governmental policies. Needless to say, the sphere of the governmental influence should be restricted to consulting and drawing possible plans for the further development; however, according to what Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnik say, the current American government seems to have adopted a more compromising policy tow ards private companies: â€Å"On the fiscal side, the Obama Administration asked Congress for both tax cuts and a massive ‘stimulus package’ that would boost government spending† (Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnik 395). Therefore, it is clear that compromise is achievable, yet both sides need to work on the strategy that will allow for as much flexibility as possible. Conclusion Judging by the fact that the state economy rates are predetermined by the GNP and GDP indices, which are shaped mostly by private entrepreneurships, which seem to be well aware of their strengths and weaknesses, as well as the strategies that are most likely to help them succeed both in the domestic and foreign market, it is most reasonable to allow private entrepreneurship choose their own ways of development and create marketing strategies. However, in the case of an economic or financial crisis brought on by the outside factors, the interference of the government is essential for the well-be ing of the national economy.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, it can be considered that the best strategy for any government in general and the American government in particular will be to leave the economic strategies development to the owners of the enterprises and private analysts, and appear only when there is the need to use the help of the governmental authorities specializing in economic issues. Unless private enterprises are given an opportunity for growth, the state is most likely to be stuck in the economic recession. Gitelson, Alan R., Robert L. Dudley and Melvin J. Dubnik. American Government. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.

Reason for decline of trust empathy and civic engagement to us Essay

Reason for decline of trust empathy and civic engagement to us government, influence to democracy and solution - Essay Example In other words, trust and understanding between the government and its people are essential for a country’s government to work well. Moreover, civic engagement is also an essential condition for a country’s healthy political environment. The term civic engagement refers to community’s joining together to be a collective source of change, and which can be political and non-political in their nature and objective (Wikipedia). The positivity of attending community activities can be a way of viewing citizens’ positivity of caring about their country’s politics. However, in recent years, trust, empathy as well as civic engagement have gradually declined between the federal government and US citizens. There are growing negative reasons for the declining for today’s America, and the major reasons can be attributed to citizens’ lack of political knowledge and enthusiasm. When politicians lack efficiency and do not keep good communication with their people, they tend to lose public trust and empathy; and this will affect both the country and the government in the long run. Moreover, media plays a major role in revealing the ugly facet of politics, which makes Americans skeptical about their government. Evidently, both US citizens and the US government officials should be responsible for the declining of trust, empathy and civic engagement prevailing in the country. As for the citizens, Volgy claims that US citizens neither have political knowledge nor they try to understand it. Also, they may not even know about the personal lives of their own political representatives. As Volgy writes,â€Å"Yet few if any citizens have much inkling about the daily lives of those who represent us in the government† (37). Politics is often made much more complex with what we read and watch over media. However, most people have no patience at all to comprehend the situations and support the government in crucial times. People may have many

Prophecy and Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prophecy and Justice - Essay Example For instance, the Israelites had a conviction that divine messages were often communicated to a prophet via visions and dreams. This paper discusses ancient prophets from their different background because each prophet spoke primarily in and their own life situation. In most circumstances, prophets were against a social or king’s policies or religious injustice in the society (Frigge 77). Prophet message was a reality that many people feared to hear. In addition, prophets faced opposing and suffering at the hands of their people and leaders such as Kings. It is vital to note that Israel had both female and male prophets who delivered Gods messages to the people. Prophets believed that they received divine call from Yahweh to proclaim God message to the people. In both the old and new testament the word of God is preached relentlessly with proclamation that those who do not adhere to the teachings of God, will burn in hell while those who listens and practices the word of God w ill go to heaven and thus have an eternal life. For a long time, Israel had an oracle culture in that the spoken word of God was very significant in a person’s life. This is because it conveyed the information from God and meant the presence of the person speaking (Frigge 77). Examples of the prophet who prophesized are Amos, Hosea, first Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and second Isaiah. Prophets used symbolic language in order to pass their information to the people. For instance, marriage relationship was used to show that God was seen as a faithful husband while the people as unfaithful wife; adultery and prostitution showed Israel praise and worship of false gods. More so, vine and vineyard was used to present Israel as vine planted in good soil and given maximum care by God. Unfortunately, the Vine produced rotten fruits which resemble the behavior of Israelites (St. Mary’s Bible). In addition, God is presented as a caring and loving father who cared for his children. Prophets were called discern Gods message to the people at a crucial point in Israel when there was political and religious intolerance. They were given the role to come and give message of peace and hope to those who were exploited by the government. Prophets came to proclaim justice for the people in that they warned people to worship God alone. In this sense, the people of Israel were offer rituals worship to God in that worship of any other was not right as per the law of Torah. In addition, people were encouraged to practice and exercise social justice since they were Gods people. For them to be free they were to treat one another righteously as God treated them; therefore, they were to care and liberate for each other as children of God. They warned that those people, who resisted the prophets, resisted Gods word and therefore, they were destined to perish. After the exile, God was willing to act again and give life in order to bring people back to covenant faithfulness. Due t o God’s mercy to his people, he was ready to give them a second chance to work for him (St. Mary’s Bible). The leaders had failed to direct their subjects to the right path in that they engaged in all sorts of political and religious injustice making their people to follow what they said. For instance, some leaders made their subjects to worship idols and did not care about the weakest and poor people in society. In order to save his people from exploitation, Davidic covenant was instituted to protect and preserve the

Time Value of Money Essay Example for Free

Time Value of Money Essay Time value of money is useful in making informed business decisions. For example the net present value method can be used to help decide the best alternative among multiple alternative uses of a firm or personal financial resources. By discounting various alternatives to their present value one can compare the alternatives. Time value of money can also answer such questions as what ones investment will be worth at a certain point of time in the future, assuming a certain interest rate. Time value of money can also be used to compute such useful information as car, mortgage and other loan payments. Another use of time value of money in accounting is reporting of certain long-term assets and liabilities. Time value of money is based on the principle of compound interest. Each time there is a compounding period the new principal is increased by the interest from the previous period. Converting Before Using the Tables When using the tables, you may need to convert if, for example, in a lump sum situation there are more than one compounding periods in a year. Or you may need to convert (to monthly compounding) if, for example, you are working with an annuity situation involving a car loan that involves monthly rather than annual periodic payments. You often need to convert whether it is a lump sum or an annuity situation. Do the following conversions before using the tables. See some of the examples which follow these notes. For semi-annual compounding [or for deposits every six months in an annuity], take the annual interest rate and divide it by 2. Take the number of years and multiply by 2. For quarterly compounding [or for quarterly deposits in an annuity] take the annual interest rate and divide it by 4. Take the number of years and multiply by 4. For monthly compounding [or for monthly deposits in an annuity] take the annual interest rate and divide it by 12. Take the number of years and multiply by 12. Lump Sum Amounts Future Value of $1 = Present Value X Future Value of $1 Table Factor Present Value of $1= Future Value X Present Value of $1 Table Factor Use the $1 table when you are dealing only with a lump sum amount. (However when you have an annuity in the problem, do not use the lump sum table; instead use the annuity table. Use the annuity table even if you are looking for a lump sum, as shown in No. 4 which follows these notes.) Notice that there are four variables with lump sum situations: Present Value, Future Value, Interest Rate, and Period. You need to know three out of the four to figure out an unknown. You saw above how to compute Present Value and Future Value. Now suppose you want to find the interest rate. Present Value Approach: PV / FV = computed PV Table factor Go to the PV table. Where the table factor and periods intersect is the interest rate. Use this same approach to figure the number of periods when you know the interest rate and PV and FV. Annuities An annuity means a series of equal periodic deposits, or rents which can be either payments or receipts; they are made at equal periodic intervals. Use the annuity tables when you are dealing with equal periodic payments or receipts at equal periodic intervals. Use Ordinary Annuity table for payments made at the end of the period. Use Annuity Due table for payments made at the beginning of the period. Future Value of an Annuity = Annuity Deposit X Future Amount of an Annuity Table factor. Present Value of an Annuity = Annuity Deposit X PV of Annuity Table Factor Note the Annuity Deposit may be either a payment or receipt. Now say you wish to find the amount of the deposit, which could be either a periodic payment like a car or mortgage payment, or a periodic receipt such winnings from the lottery or more realistically monthly withdrawls of cash during retirement. Rent or Payment/Receipt = PV / PV of annuity table factor or Rent or Payment/Receipt = FV / FV of annuity table factor You cannot just use either of the PV or FV approaches. Use the PV approach if PV is the given information. You would have to use the FV approach if FV is the given information. Often you use the present value approach though. For example if you are buying a car and want to figure out the car payments, the current price of the car is Present Value. It is assumed to be the cash-equivalent price. A Few Practice Problems 1. You want to know how much you should deposit in the bank each month in order to have $10,000 in four years. What type of problem is this? A. present value of an annuity B. present value of an amount C. future value of an annuity D. future value of an amount The correct answer is C. First you know this is an annuity because it involves equal periodic payments to the bank at equal intervals. You know it is future value because you are asked to find what future amount your annuity will grow to. Even though it is growing to a single amount, be sure to note that you are looking for the future value of an ANNUITY. 2. You want to know how much you should deposit in the bank now in order to have $10,000 in four years. What type of problem is this? A. present value of an annuity B. present value of an amount C. future value of an annuity D. future value of an amount The correct answer is B. 3. Someone will pay you $10,000 in four years. You want to know how much it is worth to you now, assuming a certain interest rate. What kind of problem is this? A. present value of an annuity B. present value of an amount C. future value of an annuity D. future value of an amount The correct answer is B. 4. What single amount do you have to deposit in the bank now in order to be able to withraw $200 a month for the next five years? What kind of a problem is this? A. present value of an annuity B. present value of an amount C. future value of an annuity D. future value of an amount The answer is A. Even though a single amount will be deposited, it is still an annuity problem. Hint: any time a problem involves equal periodic payments, use an annuity table. 5. When you were born your parents set up a trust fund designed to accumulate $88,000 by the time you are 50 years old. You are 34 years old today. If you negotiate getting the money today, what will you get? Assume an 8% interest rate and annual compounding. First realize you are looking for present value. Today and now are hints you want present value. Next realize you need to subtract your current age for 50 years to get the number of years, which would be 16 years in this problem. So PV = FV X PV table factor for 8% and 16 years 25,687 = 88,000 X .2919 6. You are very rich and will be retired soon. You want to take out $416,000 every six months for 6 years. You can get a 6% interest rate. How much do you need to deposit in the bank today to make this happen? You are looking for the Present Value of an annuity , since you want the amount to deposit TODAY, and you will be withdrawing equal periodic payments. So use the annuity table even though you are putting a lump sum in the bank. PV annuity = Deposit X PV annuity factor ( 3%, 12 semi-annual periods) = 416,000 X 9.9540 = 4,140,864, the amount you need to deposit today. 7. Trego County wants to raise $4,000,000 to finance the construction of a new high school. The school board wants to make semiannual payments to repay the loan over the next 15 years. What will be the amount of the payments assuming the interest rate of 10%?

Voting Requirements in the Economic Arena :: Political Economic Business Essays

Voting Requirements in the Economic Arena Status as an adult citizen in a political jurisdiction is seen as a sufficient condition to entitle one to a vote for a representative or participate in collective decision-making. Why not apply that same criterion and entitle adult citizens to voting rights to decide the composition of corporate boards of directors and decide other corporate matters? If mere adult status and citizenship is sufficient for decision-making in the political arena, why not in the economic arena as well? The easy answer/question is: why should anyone who has no stake or interest in a corporation have a say in its decision-making? The only people who should have voting rights are stockholders who have ownership rights in the corporation manifested by stock ownership. We generally agree that voting power should be proportional to their stake in the corporation, namely how many shares they own. If votes were not proportionate to one's stake (stock) in the corporation, including none at all, people might easily vote in ways that personally benefit them but harm the best interests of the corporation and other stockholders. For example, imagine if all Detroit citizens were entitled to vote on decisions made by General Motors. Suppose these voters managed to get on the ballot the question whether the corporation should give all of its profits to local charitable organizations or be plowed back into the corporation as retained earnings. It is not at all inconceivable that donating General Motors' profits to local charities might win by a landslide. People who have little or no stake in General Motors can be expected to behave differently than those who do, simply because their decisions are less costly to them - others bear the cost of their decisions. The identical cost/benefit assessment applies to decision-making in the political arena. Suppose a politician campaigned on the promise to increase spending on various social programs that would be funded with higher taxes. People who pay little or no taxes would see themselves as coming out ahead by voting for that politician. They would bear little or none of the costs, at least directly in the form of taxes, and they would benefit from the promised social spending increase. As such they could be counted upon to support such a politician. Survey polls showed a less-than-enthusiastic response to President George Bush's calls for tax cuts. Maybe a good part of the reason is the fact that so many Americans pay little or no income taxes.

Morality and Sacrifice Essay

â€Å"Sacrifice† is the surrender of a greater value for the sake of a lesser one or of a non value. Thus, altruism gauges a man’s virtue by the degree to which he surrenders, renounces or betrays his values (since help to a stranger or an enemy is regarded as more virtuous, less â€Å"selfish,† than help to those one loves). The rational principle of conduct is the exact opposite: always act in accordance with the hierarchy of your values, and never sacrifice a greater value to a lesser one. â€Å"Sacrifice† does not mean the rejection of the worthless, but of the precious. â€Å"Sacrifice† does not mean the rejection of the evil for the sake of the good, but of the good for the sake of the evil. â€Å"Sacrifice† is the surrender of that which you value in favor of that which you don’t. If you exchange a penny for a dollar, it is not a sacrifice; if you exchange a dollar for a penny, it is. If you achieve the career you wanted, after years of struggle, it is not a sacrifice; if you then renounce it for the sake of a rival, it is. A sacrifice is the surrender of a value. Full sacrifice is full surrender of all values. If you wish to achieve full virtue, you must seek no gratitude in return for your sacrifice, no praise, no love, no admiration, no self-esteem, not even the pride of being virtuous; the faintest trace of any gain dilutes your virtue. If you pursue a course of action that does not taint your life by any joy, that brings you no value in matter, no value in spirit, no gain, no profit, no reward—if you achieve this state of total zero, you have achieved the ideal of moral perfection. If you wish to save the last of your dignity, do not call your best actions a â€Å"sacrifice†: that term brands you as immoral. If a mother buys food for her hungry child rather than a hat for herself, it is not a sacrifice: she values the child higher than the hat; but it is a sacrifice to the kind of mother whose higher value is the hat, who would prefer her child to starve and feeds him only from a sense of duty. If a man dies fighting for his own freedom, it is not a sacrifice: he is not willing to live as a slave; but it is a sacrifice to the kind of man who’s willing. If a man refuses to sell his convictions, it is not a sacrifice, unless he is the sort of man who has no convictions. Sacrifice could be proper only for those who have nothing to sacrifice—no values, no standards, no judgment—those whose desires are irrational whims, blindly conceived and lightly surrendered. For a man of moral stature, whose desires are born of rational values, sacrifice is the surrender of the right to the wrong, of the good to the evil. The creed of sacrifice is a morality for the immoral—a morality that declares its own bankruptcy by confessing that it can’t impart to men any personal stake in virtues or values, and that their souls are sewers of depravity, which they must be taught to sacrifice. By its own confession, it is impotent to teach men to be good and can only subject them to constant punishment.

Critical Thinking And Social Media Defined - 1426 Words

Critical Thinking Social Media Defined According to criticalthinking.org, the definition of critical thinking is â€Å"that mode of thinking — about any subject, content, or problem — in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it. Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem-solving abilities, as well as a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism† (Our Concept and Definition of Critical Thinking). Social media is defined as a digital social media tools and located outside a formal Learning Management System. External social media sites include Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Wikipedia, Flickr, LinkedIn, and Second Life. ‘‘Given that Facebook continues to be popular among college students, and that universities are interested in engaging and retaining students, it is important for those working in higher education to familiarize themselves with Facebook (and other such technologies) and to design and support interventions that meet students where they are, in order to help them get to where they are going.’’ (Junco, 2012, p. 170) Social Media in Higher Education Higher education professionals are familiar with communicating course content through e-mail and Learning Management Systems. 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