Production of an Industrial Blood Research Paper

deed of an Industrial Blood - Research Paper ExampleIndustrial Production Since there is periodic lineage shortage, there is need to industrially produce melody to counter the shortage, as well as the emergent concerns that arise from infection transmission that atomic number 18 attributed to declivity transfusions. The infection through blood transmission was noncontinuous in the late 80s and early 90s, therefore bringing up the need to industrially produce blood (Goldman et al 15). S. Kimoto of the School of medicine in Tokyo University initially enhanced progress towards industrial return of blood. The discovery made by Dr. Kimoto together with assistance from S Kambara was successful in the outpution of a synthetic substance capable of transporting reasonable amount of oxygen. Dr. Kimoto was able to extract haematin from a cows blood and ultimately adding the large molecules of the polysterin type that would be capable of obtaining matter that would in turn disengage ox ygen to the body (Assembly of the Japanese Medical Society, 213). Moreover, by 2006, there was hemoglobin latitude that had received acclamation for human use in the joined States (Newton, 66). Newton continues to assert that a veterinary product called oxyglobin that is basically produced by Biopure, a pharmaceutical company, received approval in the United States and the Europe. In 2001, its human facsimile known as Hemopure was ready for human use in South Africa. Therefore, this was the first hemoglobin analog to attain approval for human use in the world. It is imperative to ascertain that South Africa approved the product because the country needed alternative transfusions since its supply of human blood was at high risk of existence damaged by the HIV and hepatitis C viruses (Newton). Compassionately, according to Newton, Hemopure has also been widely used in the United States in almost forty cases. Compassionate-use is a situation that occurs when a patient has develope d serious medical exam condition that requires special attention, thus instigating the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to grant a special, unremarkably one-time permission to utilize a substance that has not yet been officially approved for human use. Similarly, in august 2001, another industrially produced blood called PolyHeme was subjected for approval to the FDA by Northfield Labs, its manufacturer. PolyHeme is the end product of the extraction of blushing(a) blood cells and filtering them to sieve impurities, thereafter modifying them through certain chemicals to produce the polymerized hemoglobin analog (Newton 66). Some researchers are on the verge of applying a very different approach in industrial production of blood that will have its focus on synthesizing non-natural substances with blood-like properties. One advantage that this approach can boast of is avoiding living organism or human blood, or any of its components. Specifically, some researchers a re applying the use of certain chemicals called perfluorocarbons (PFCs). In this regard, farad atoms replace hydrocarbons. Significant achievements were obtained when the first PFC to be commercially marketed was called Fluosol-DA that was manufactured by Japans Green Cross Corporation in 1983 (Newton, 66). Fluosol product had the objective of creating the first industrially prod

British Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

British musical composition - Essay ExampleThough the British establishment is conventionally held to be unwritten, a cursory watch at the main sources of the validation provided above by Brazier, reveals that to quite a large extent, the UK constitution has a written spirit. The concept of parliamentary supremacy in the British constitution makes the molds of Parliament superior to whatsoever other source of law and as such, Parliament can, and does amend the constitution and creates more statutes that are intact in nature. (Loveland, 2006) Whereas other sources of the constitution same conventions and the Royal prerogative are mostly unwritten and think over accepted norms and practices established over time that are held to be binding, (Barnett, 2006 Durkin and Gay, 2005) they do not come into organism on a consistent basis as do statutes. The increasing proliferation of statutes of a constitutional nature (especially under the Labours constitutional reform programme), thus implies a fly the coop in the direction of a more documentary nature of the British constitution.Consequently, to argue that the United Kingdom is moving towards a documentary constitution is to recognise the largely written nature of the constitution, coming from sources li... Despite the infinite nature of the British constitution, a birds-eye review of statutes of constitutional significance would show the historical trend towards a more written constitution. put to works like the Habeas Corpus Act 1679, the Bill of Rights 1689, the Act of Settlement 1701, Act of Union 1707, the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949, Representation of the Peoples Act 1928, Representation of the Peoples Act 1949 and the European Communities Act 1972, all hold important positions in the British constitution and they are all written. (Barnett, 2007)The coming into power of the Labour government in 1997 and its implementation of the constitutional reform programme has added to the increasing docume ntary nature of the British constitution. The passing of important statutes like the Human Rights Act 1998, the House of Lords Act 1999, Freedom of Information Act 2000, and the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, are testaments to the move towards a documentary constitution. The various devolution Acts (i.e. the Scotland Act 1998, the Government of Wales Act 1998, and the Northern Ireland Act 1998) nourish also established in a constitutional and documentary manner the relationship between Westminster and the devolved entities inwardly the context of a unitary state.Also as Lord Justice Laws opined (obiter) in Thoburn v Sunderland urban center Council, statutes may be conceived of either in ordinary terms or in constitutional terms. passage by Lord Justice Laws opinion of Acts of Parliament would thus establish a hierarchy of statutes - some(prenominal) ordinary and others constitutional statutes. Thus the more constitutional statutes that Parliament passes would be

Growing of the Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Growing of the Business - Essay modelingYou should then summarise, in a short paragraph, which parts of the business you need to strengthen. Madhus, an Indian restaurant, as advantageously as the catering and ready meal businesses owned by Sanjay Anand, is a relatively successful governing that makes ?5m sales. However, as the external environment of the corporation is changing, it is facing some challenges. In particular, while the sales be stable, the profit has decreased to ?300,000, down from ?500,000 in the previous year. Therefore, it is necessary to determine which aspects of organizational functioning so-and-so be improved in order to improve performance. A SWOT analysis of the human pick management, accounting and finance, and marketing functions of the company should be conducted for this purpose. Human resource management Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Most of Madhus chefs atomic number 18 professionals in cooking traditional Indian meals. They atomic number 18 brought from India and taught special skills, such as, for instance, hygiene standards. New British immigration laws do not al depressive disorder Sanjay to hire volume from India. There is no strategy for purpose non-Indian chefs. It is possible to hire Europeans and then teach them. This requires organizing special courses. It might be problematic to find people willing to train new employees. In addition, training unskilled people will call for additional expenditures. Other aspects of business operations may suffer. So, it is clearly seen that the hiring strategy of the company is not efficient down the stairs the new conditions of the external environment. The new legislation requires Madhus to introduce new strategies and tactics for finding, recruiting and training employees. The company should reconsider its whole mode of operations in order to determine how to implement new strategies at the lowest cost and with the greatest advantage. Accounting and finance S trengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Much attention is devoted to financial situation of the company, performance is evaluated regularly. The owner is not willing to risk and accession prices as the external conditions change. Financial resources are limited. Cut spending for some aspects of operations in order to finance new activities. Reduced support of some companys functions may negatively impact the overall performance. Since Madhus has limited financial resources to be invested into business development, it might be reasonable to consider some alternative sources of financing. Additional crown can be received from banks or external investors, for instance. Marketing Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats The company has a number of trusty and returning customers, as well as good reputation in the market. The products are well-positioned and reasonably priced. promotional campaigns for catering services target mostly weddings, thus not covering other groups of p otential customers. As an option, distributing Madhus ready meals in supermarkets will allow to strengthen the brand and make it more recognizable by the clients. If not designed correctly, marketing programs for the new services will, while call for expenditures, bring low results, forcing the company to withdraw the promoted service or product from the market. Though the brand is well-established and quite recognizable, it is possible to increase sales by means of providing alternative services and products to other customer groups. Diversification might be a good alternative that will help to cover wider audience and strengthen the brand, thus do even corporate clients, such as supermarkets, for instance, willing to cooperate with Madhu

Microfinance Institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microfinance Institutions - Essay ExampleBetween the 1950s and the 70s, goernments and donors used to passageway funds to the poor communities for development through rural credit programmes, with most of these funds being subsidised. The results were gamey loan default rates and high loses that made it impossible to reach the targeted rural poor households (Anyanwu, 2004). In the early 1980s, the history of microfinance institutions gained shape as much of these institutions sprouted in developing countries. The Grameen Bank was among the maiden pioneers to offer small loans and savings services to clients on a large scale with considerable net profit margins. These banks did non have any subsidies, they had highly sustainable businesses and were not commercially funded they also had a large-minded outreach in such rural areas (Robinson, 2001). The difference between these institutions and the credit programs rolled by governments in the 50s and 60s was that the pertly insti tutions had more emphasis on repayment of credits, charged some interests to cater for the costs of credit voice communication and had more attention on customers in the informal sectors (Jegede, kehinde & Ahmed, 2011). In the early 1990s, there was increased egress of MFIs in the number of developed institutions initiated and outreach to more customers. The 90s was the microfinance decade, with attention changing from provision of microcredit to the informal sectors to provision of more services such as savings and pensions that the poor demanded, and which led to the name microfinance institutions (Jegede, kehinde & Ahmed, 2011). Doubts on their effectiveness though microfinance institutions were believed to benefit the poor, there are ranging debates on the effectiveness of such institutions, with major doubts on their effectiveness in eradicating poverty among rural communities. Hulme & Mosley (1996) in a study on the effectiveness of microfinance institutions observed that th e poor households in most cases do not benefit from these institutions (those below the poverty line). The institutions usually benefit those way above the poverty line, defeating the purpose of microfinance institutions in poverty reduction. Most poor individuals according to this study but with prodigious starting incomes, when given such microcredits had much less growth in incomes achieveed compared to the groups that did not receive the microcredits. In opposite words, the study indicated that credit is not the only factor to be considered in income generation, but other factors such as entrepreneurial skills have to be considered. Karnani (2007) further concurs that most people do not have the skills, visions, creativity and the persistence necessary in entrepreneurship. According to Karnani, in more developed countries, over 90% of people with incomes are in employed labour and not in entrepreneurship. This suggests that it is a simplistic assumption to offer credit facil ities to the poor to start successful businesses. Moreover Pollin (2007) asserts that small business exit by the poor cannot be successful by the mere fact that they have more opportunities to obtain such credit to initiate them. There are other factors that are pertinent and which are turn to in microcredit provision in poor areas. These include roads, affordable transport to move produce and commercialize support to identify and target customers, which is mostly ignored in such efforts (Pollin, 2007). Daley-Harris (2007) on the same utterance remarked that microfinance cannot be the solution to global poverty levels, and neither can education, economic growth or good educational facilities. In other words, it is not possible to use a single intervention to utter poverty across the

Discussion Board 6-1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Discussion Board 6-1 - Assignment ExampleAccording to Kail and Cavanaugh (2013), teenagers face grave hormonal fluctuations that may results to imprint, stress, joy or antisocial behaviors. In case that such changes result to depression or stress, the affected person may be have negative socio-emotions that may cause them discontinue withdrawal attitudes. Such occurrences have the impact of widening the gap between an individual adolescent and the family members. In some cases, an adolescent may have the tendency to discriminate between the family members with they relate closely. The given adolescent may have negative view of the distant or disliked family members and infer lies or bind false accusations. This can result to disagreements, disharmony and conflict between the family members that the given adolescent enjoys close family relationship and those they have distant relationships.A good manifestation of impact of negative socio-emotional changes of adolescents on famil y system tortuous one of my friends whose condition resulted to disagreements between the parents. As an adolescent boy who lived mostly with the mother as the capture worked far from home but paid regular visits to the family, the mother handled the boy softly. The boy became hot tempered and preferred violence and aggression in solving his problems. Later, the father transferred to a work place next home so that he lived with the family. On realizing the behavior of the boy, the father began disciplining the friend so that he ability change and know how to manage his problems effectively. Discipline involved punishments and talks, which the mother interpreted as inappropriate (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2013). action caused by difference in views of the parents concerning the boys condition led to divorce and the adolescent go to live with the mother.In another instance, an adolescent girl who was also the only child from a neighbor family

Multiprocessor Systems and Applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multiprocessor Systems and Applications - Essay ExampleComputer programmer power have a difficult time studying all the instruments for all the computer processors. It might be difficult to correct difficulties that cross numerous CPU categories. Different processors require different resources and boundaries to the resources. The multiprocessing is the important complicated challenge because their CPU structures are in charge of allocating sources to opposing processes in an organized milieu (Darlington and Ghanem, 1993).Applications may experience challenges when operating a multiprocessor processor because of practices they create which are acceptable only to one-processor systems. These challenges admit the following. Thread Priorities, which can be solved by allowing access to information structures that reduce race situations. storehouse ordering is another challenge, and can be reduced by petitioning the CPU clich into sections that can be accessed easily. During selective information processing, every processor processes information from parallel data calculations. The process shares a memory, which requires strategies such as locks and monitors to get out access to data. Finally, they all have concurrently performing procedures. Therefore, they require close monitoring of data (Darlington and Ghanem,

The changing of cool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The changing of imperturbable - Essay archetypeTo be intelligent and creative is collected and does have to be a huge thing, it could just be intelligent and creative to your own life, cargoner or anything. Its now the time that one becomes the cool maker in other words The Merchants of cool, such as Mark Zuckerberg who is the creator of Facebook, Steve Jobs who is the creator of apple or Marc Jacobs etc. It is now the time to change the cool and the mentality of people especially teenagers so that we can have new people like Steve Jobs and Zuckerberg rising now this is going to be cool in real essence. Due to this being cool phenomenon most teenagers argon actually losing their individuality to manage with the ever growing modernism and coolness. As Fromm said, if men and women discovered to take up their own sure selves, completely and freely then they would discover that they are no more alone they would have themselves for organization. in one case one has organization one can experience harmless or benign toward others. For Fromm, it was the only suffice to the problem of the alienated people in regards to todays modernism. The only factor which can preserve mankind adjust now from its own soul destroying solitude is a persons capability to occupy what is known as the trusty self. If you obtain authenticity, you would be compensated with the inner serenity which is necessary to become a free agent. We are now residing in a place where economic, public and governmental circumstances do not turn in a foundation for the understanding of personality. So now if we film our authenticity and individuality back we need to work on it ourselves. Intellectuals have said that they just had one thing which is consumerism. The desire of life goods wishful thinker conformismwould etherize the unrealized starvation for a authentic self. (Boston Review 2013) As discussed earlier, we should look into what the makers of cool do and how they do that which makes the youth of today so crazy that for them being cool is the top most thing. So frontline did a pile on The merchants of cool , the makers and suppliers of well-known modern lifestyle are the people who have actually made the newfangled people the most well-known customer market in the United States. But the question arises that are these people simply showing teenager wishes or have they started to produce those wishes themselves in a petition to protect this profitable market? And have these people cross the line in their effort to acquire the wishes and money of the youth? Douglass Rushkoff, the frontline reporter, deckigates the tactics, methods, and public consequences of these promotion moguls in The Merchants of cool survey made by Barak Goodman and Rachel Dretzin, the programs dialogue with all the top marketers, press professionals and cultural/media experts, and examines the union connection between the press and contemporary adolescent people, because in a way each loo ks to the other for its identification. Teenagers are the most sought after customers in the market. In a year, The United Sates young people invested about 100 billion dollars, while influencing their parents to invest another 50 billion dollars. But it is not that easy as it

The Movie Disclosure as a Depiction of Office Politics Essay

The Movie Disclosure as a Depiction of Office Politics - experiment ExampleThe plot starts to develop when tom sanders (Michael Douglas) misses a promotion opportunity which ended up be given to his ex girlfriend Meredith (Demi Moore) instead. The new boss tries to rekindle the relationship by aggressively importunity tom to reconsider. Tom is steadfast in refusing her advances since he is happily married and now a family man. Tom has a momentary lapse of judgment, and almost gives in to Merediths advances, and quickly recovers rejecting her. This prompts Meredith to get digest at him by falsely accusing him of sexual badgering. This .leads to tom being offered an ultimatum of being fired or being reassign. However, Tom fights for his innocence and various twists in the plot characterize the rest of the film. The film was enamor for the whole length and the twists that characterize the film keep the audience movie e interested. The film was winning and kept me glued on the sc reen until the end. The movie is a depiction of the reality of sexual harassment in the workplace. The movie elicited strong feelings from the audience in that there were mixed reactions on the beds explored by the film. The movie impressed critics, and the audience with its twists and the gripping storyline on sex and power in the office. The bemuse was also commended for their brilliant displays in legal transfer the film to life through their roles. The role of Demi more as the villain was commended in that she portrayed the role of a dreadful boss brilliantly. The movie also had a negative reaction from viewers in that some factions matt-up that the film was too graphical. They also felt that the plot was only used to justify the explicit scenes that characterized the film. The reaction of the audience was mixed in term of interest in the film, since the film had astonishing financial success totaling over $200 million. The movie was commended for take light into the unethi cal practice that individuals go through in the workplace. It took the social responsibility of addressing the social issue of sexual harassment in the workplace. The cast was well picked, and they fit into their roles with ease. The plot was a complex one, but the cast did a remarkable job in bringing out the issue being intercommunicate in the film. The leading characters were brilliant throughout the film, and Michael Douglas did an outstanding job in playing the role of a victimized employee. He relates brilliantly with the dilemma that victims of sexual harassment face especially if they are subordinates in a working environment. Demi Moore is believable in her part as the villain in the movie. She depicts the role of an inglorious and powerful boss who is aggressive and does not accept being denied her desires. She empowers the women in her role in that she exudes power. The enjoin of the film was nevertheless found wanting in that the movie lacked the creative passion. The director was seen to be nerve-wracking too hard to strengthen his credentials in the film industry. Nevertheless, he is successful at bringing out the conflict and dilemma brought about by the story. The movies plot was taken from the oblige Disclosure by Michael Crichton. The plot was generally borrowed from the story in the book, making the two works largely similar. There are, however, differences in that the movie is more engaging and brings to life the plot of the book. The story is clearly brought

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Business law - Essay Example gallon act and quiet unethical as it manipulates the inventory so as to attract potential investors by adding the credit worthiness as well as increasing chances of being advanced a ease by a financial institution. It could also imply that increased inventory statements will equally center the cost of goods thus reduce the expense and subsequent reflection in high gross profit. Furthermore, magnification of inventory statements leads to business overpaying tax since it increases the pre-tax net income.Basing on this, ABC Investments can therefore seek good action for damages which can make them recover whatever they have lost which in this good example amounts to $500,000 and any other damages. However, Zulu Computer Corporation can argue it as an innocent misrepresentation that leads to a rescission remedy which means that they assume the original status as though they had not sign-language(a) the contract and will depend on the court whether the d amages will be awarded depending on the genius of innocent misrepresentation and losses suffered. ABC Investments can use copies of the financial statements to file a quest of which individual responsibility or company responsibility will

Marketing transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing transportation - Essay ExampleManagers deep down the mid-level indoors the business division make them.Functional-level strategies concerns single functional undertakings and related concepts that allow for the establishment of tactical decision. It concentrates on comparatively limited plan offering objectives for various functions, allotment of resources amongst diverse operations within certain functional divisions.The logistic strategy bears connections with the incarnate strategy since logistics offers input in the creation of corporal strategy. Logistic strategy is affected the objectives presented by corporate and business-level strategies. Additionally, logistic strategies are affected by the strategical decisions made in various sectors of functional divisions of marketing with manufacturing. The capacity of logistic function to effect the predominate of a corporation grounds from the capacity of the logistic manager to create and employ strategies that are a ssociated with corporate strategy.Performance measurement can be considered intricate within a global logistic context given that in the measurements, there is assortment or diversity in various equipments utilized in terms of category, magnitude and commodities. Therefore, the measurements cannot be considered simple since measurements have to be established for every component.Information is considered kind of influential in relation to tack on management and logistics. lengthy familiarity and visibility within these areas allows for replacement of inventories with data. Extensive knowledge concerning consumer demands through sale point information assists in improving planning and lessens inconsistency with the supply chain. It allows for excellent synchronization of various concepts such as marketing and supply via ERP tools. It ensures updated order processing and humble lead times achieved through synchronized logistic data arrangements. Utilization of

Which Way, Natural Selection or Intelligent Design Essay

Which Way, Natural option or Intelligent Design - Essay ExampleLooking from the position of the ontological complexity, the two ideas embarrass the existence of the different forms of life, however, in the case with the natural jut the designer and the material employed in the designhave to be included (Muggy 1). In addition, a line arises regarding the intelligent designer origin. Since, this reason has a greater capability and more complexity than even the capabilities of the true human beings. This poses a question, atomic number 18 humans supposed to be designed? However, in regards of the dynamic complexity of a human life, two theories tend to agree on the reproductive capabilities of all the organisms, though this is not very clear in the intelligent design possibility. On the other hand, the natural selection implies that thither is a biological demonstrate which accounts for the observed similarities amongst offsprings and their pargonnt organisms (Roderick 1). In deed, it is easier to believe this since this phenomenon can be observed in many of the organisms, this further implies that there should be a special(prenominal) activity that allows such functioning. However, the intelligent design theory postulates the presence of the design processes which are outside of whatever goes on during the reproduction. In regards to the explanatory power, the evolutionary theory also takes the lead. due to the fossil records, the gaps between the species are completed. Indeed, fossils point out at the transitional period which a particular organism passes to another put in as indicated in the Charles Darwin theory. However, the intelligent design does not account for the transitional fossils, thus, with the discovery of more fossils, the weaknesses of the intelligent design are laid bare. By and large, the... This essay stresses that a problem arises regarding the intelligent designer origin. Since, this creator has a greater capability and more co mplexity than even the capabilities of the current human beings. This poses a question, are humans supposed to be designed? However, in regards of the dynamic complexity of a human life, both theories tend to agree on the reproductive capabilities of all the organisms, though this is not very clear in the intelligent design theory. On the other hand, the natural selection implies that there is a biological process which accounts for the observed similarities amongst offsprings and their parent organisms. Indeed, it is easier to believe this since this phenomenon can be observed in many of the organisms, this further implies that there should be a particular activity that allows such functioning.This paper makes a conclusion that in regards to the explanatory power, the evolutionary theory also takes the lead. Due to the fossil records, the gaps between the species are completed. Indeed, fossils point out at the transitional period which a particular organism passes to another state as indicated in the Charles Darwin theory. The intelligent design does not account for the transitional fossils, thus, with the discovery of more fossils, the weaknesses of the intelligent design are laid bare. By and large, the intelligent design argument on irreducible complexity, that is turnaround to the evolution principle, does not explain the reason why or so forms of life exhibit similar characteristics and some organisms have parts in common, but perform different duties. Indeed this gives support to the evolution theory

Business Negotiations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Negotiations - Essay ExampleIn American English, thither exists two communication maxims, all under the quantity umbrella, which requires that whenever one speaks, then the information relayed should as untold information as possible, while on the other side the information relayed should not exceed the unavoidable informative levels. The amount of information in a communication remains essential in every(prenominal) communication and as such, superfluous information need to be avoided during communication in ensuring that communication meets its intend purpose.Considering the fact that maxims of conversation entail the unwritten rules of governance pertaining to how people speak to each other in some polite conversations, it is, therefore, a significant aspect that a maxim of communication acts in dedicate of a command, directing the manner in which different people engaging in conversation carries push through themselves. According to the Japanese culture, the maxims of conversation in Japanese discourse involve a number of aspects. facet of feelings or emotions is critical to every human. In business, either a loss or profit is judge for any transaction done. Whenever either happens, it is expected that an individual expresses the feeling through emotions. As a conducive aspect of the diverse nature of societies and cultures, verbal behavior of the American team and that of the Japanese seem to induct significantly different aspects with a realization that indeed the generalizations put in such societies are indeed very wrong.

Organisation Behaviour Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisation Behaviour - Case Study ExampleThe disadvantages would be that collective forward progress is slower and lack of personal creativity imputable to compliance to public ideals.General Electric (GE) is one of the well-known corporations of the world. It is an enormously diversified company with its products ranging from telecommunication fibre optics to full-size Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines capable of projecting 3-D images of the human brain. It makes immense aircraft engines to and advices public to squeeze their energy bills. Its ability to innovate and maintain impeccable quality has helped GE to remain a securities industry leader and function as a successful arranging.Bureaucracy has been exhaustively discussed in organisational concepts. Ideally bureaucracy is symbolised by authority relations, recruitment by competence, and fixed salaries. Max Weber described it as expertly superior to all other forms of organization and hence indispensable to la rge, complex enterprises. Webers Principles of Bureaucracy proclaims the following of the principles of disjoint labour into specialized expertise areas throughout the organization, Pyramid position defined by a hierarchy of authority and an explicit chain of command, Formal rules governing decisions and actions of everyone that allows continuity in event of personnel changes, Be detached with employees so that sentiments do not distort objective judgment and Select workers by their technical utility to rule out friendship or favouritism is ruled out, and advancement is by seniority and achievement. Rigid documentation is followed to keep tabs on progress and evaluate. However, bureaucratic organisations seem to stifle worker creativity since omni-present rules and regulations create no room for innovation and improvisation by the workers. The inability take quick decisions due to lack of authority also results in reduced productivity. This downside of bureaucracy especially in l arge organisations has do it questionable as to its rationality and efficiency. Its principles have also attached a connotation of disapproval to the harm bureaucratic and bureaucracy due to its incompetence and a lack of broad-mindedness. However, although it sounds improbable considering its successful image and burnish today, GE was a struggling bureaucratic organisation in the 1990s. Too many layers and no decision-making capabilities characterized it. The organisation lagged behind in making timely strategic decisions. This success is attributed to what was essentially a single managerial decision made by Welch back in the mid-90s.Jack Welch joined the General Electric guild (GE) in 1960. Welch started work as an engineer in the plastics division. However although his immediate work environment was steady paced and exciting, he felt smothered by the bloated bureaucracy of the company. He could not function to his full dexterous limits, had to wait for management decisions on the smallest of tasks. He felt under valued, and was highly dissatisfied with the standard pension he received. He found another job and almost quit but was persuaded to stay on by Reuben Gutoff, who saw his immense potential. Although he stayed on, Welch had not changed his mind about GEs administration, which he saw as unresponsive at best and debilitating at worst. Welch carried this experience in heart and his tenure at GE was the struggle

Bench Mark Assessment-Epidemiology Paper Assignment

Bench Mark Assessment-Epidemiology Paper - Assignment ExampleA sneeze is assailable of releasing up to 40, 000 droplets of terbium microorganisms, and a single droplet is enough to transmit the contagious disease. People with frequent relate with individuals infected with the disease are at a higher risk of contracting the infection with an estimated infection rate of 22%. An untreated person with alive(p) TB can infect between 10 and 15 people in a year. The chances of transmission of TB from one person to another is leechlike on factors like the amount of infectious droplets expelled by the infected individual during the sneezing episode, the duration of picture show to the droplets and the ineffectiveness of ventilation.TB infection in an individual can exist in the form of an active disease or the form of a latent infection. An individual with the latent form of the disease does not feel sick and presents with no signs and symptoms of the infection. Latent form of TB is on ly diagnosed through a tuberculin throw together test or a TB blood test. People with the latent TB are not infectious despite possessing the mycobacterium. Individuals with the active form of TB presents with the signs and symptoms of the infection in addition to the positive tuberculin undress test and the TB blood test (Golden & Vikram, 2005).The most active form of TB is the pneumonic tuberculosis that presents in ab step forward 90% of the cases. Pulmonary TB affects the lungs and manifests with chest pain, prolonged coughing and sputum production. In extreme cases of the condition, an individual can cough small amounts of blood a manifestation of the erosion of the pulmonary artery. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 15-20% of the active cases of the disease. These are conditions caused by Mycobacterium tuberculin but affect structures out of the lungs. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis is common among the immunosuppressed individuals

Two short essays Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Two short essays - Assignment ExampleAs technologies progress and science-based approaches in finding evidences prior to decision making increase, some women experiencing monthly menstrual stave are holding on to the hope of becoming finally free from the discomforts linked to menstruation. At last, it was plunge that menstruation can be controlled, and just like how the principle of taking a pregnancy yellow journalism works, women can also suppress the instinctive menstrual blood flow each month. However, there are prevailing concerns on this especially on the issue of how natural is this approach prior to finally seeing women taking it into great account (Thomas & Ellertson, 2000, p.923). Concerning this, the Society for Menstrual Cycle Research (2007) argued that menstruation is not a disease hence, it should not be suppressed to flow naturally in the womans level-headed life. The medicalization of the menstrual bout is both safe and might be destructive at some point. I t is beneficial when the act itself is done in order to correct a defective menstrual cycle. However, if its primary consider is to suppress the natural menstrual cycle of a woman, then it is another story. The impact of medicalization of menstrual cycle on womens sense of well-being is a great point to consider.In the first place, it is natural for a woman to undergo a menstrual cycle each month. This is significantly true to or so all healthy with mature reproductive potential women or girls around the world. Suppressing it therefore does not slay sense. Estrogen and progesterone hormones are essential actors for this phenomenon to take place. However, these hormones are also important for the proper operate of a womens physical body. In fact, the lack of these hormones leads to some women on their menopausal stage to assure various discomforts, physical, emotional and psychological (Love, 2000 Society for Menstrual Cycle Research, 2007).Women are different from men.

Organisational Structure and Design Analyses McDonald's PowerPoint Presentation

Organisational Structure and Design Analyses McDonalds - PowerPoint Presentation ExampleMcDonalds focus on being better, non just bigger, has delivered even better restaurant experiences to the customers and superior value to shareholders. This approach has excessively helped its vision is to be the worlds best quick service restaurant experience. Being better translates into greater business volume and also better margin for its operational activities.Mc Donalds is among the best known fast food restaurants around the world. In 1955, Ray Kroc opened the first franchised McDonalds restaurant in Chicago. From Chicago, McDonald has expanded to many countries around the world. One of the most(prenominal) stunning achievements of McDonalds is its ability to maintain its world class food quality and efficient service m across all stores. These offerings have helped McDonalds to retain the high brand value of its stores.In 1971, the first McDonalds restaurant opened in Australia and p resently in that location are 761 restaurants in Australia. Social Responsibility Report 2007 mentioned that there are 31000 McDonalds restaurants in 119countries.McDonalds Australia Limited is an unlisted Australian public order. It is a franchise business with higher up two thirds of the restaurants run by franchisees in Australia and the remainders are operated by company staff. There are more or less 75,000 people employed by McDonalds and its franchisees in restaurants and management offices across Australia.Slide 3The functional social organization adopted in McDonalds in Australia is a perfect fit for the scale it operates in. Large organisations require a high degree of specialization for smooth functioning(Donaldson, L. 1997, p.78). In addition, the functional expression allows employees to contribute in circumstance areas of expertise, transfer specialized knowledge, and benefit from economies of scale in utilizing manufacturing equipment. This set up also aids norm alization that in turn helps reduce duplication and variations in systems and procedures (Giancola 2007, p.4). Besides, managers seek to protect their core activities from external influences by means of buffering. With bridging, managers attempt to manage their environments through various forms of negotiation, co-operation, exchange of information and other forms of reciprocityThis kind of structure has created a situation of mutual involvement by the employees into the various activities or decisions of McDonalds. Employees also get the destiny to transfer his/her knowledge from one store to another. These are the encouraging factors for the employees which will ultimately increase the take of job satisfaction.Slide 4StrengthThe company has wide presence in many of the countries in the world this has helped the company to achieve benefits of economies of scale. Because McDonalds can easily divest from one particular country where the gross revenue are underperforming and inves t into better prospective market. Due to wide diversification and presence over decades, the company has accumulated huge sum of cash reserve into its balance sheet. High brand value and impressive operations also helped the compan

Mathematics and English Sentences Essay Example for Free

Mathematics and English Sentences EssayThe order of operations was developed years ago. person just decided on an order in which operations should be performed. It has nonhing to do with delusion or logic. Some one decided to adopt a way, and it has been followed through out history. It makes communication easier. punctuation mark marks are use in any language to make clear what we want to say. punctuation mark marks are just as important in number sentences as they are in English sentences. Without being told by a symbol or some other means, we do not know whether to do the multiplication or the addition first. To avoid the confusion of such an expression call two different numbers, let us use parentheses to indicate which operation is to be first. When part of a number sentence is enclosed within parentheses, think of that as naming one number.It is commonly concur that when more than one operation, or all of the operations, are indicated in the same expression, we multip ly and divide first, thence add and subtract going from left to right. Just as punctuation marks are used to make sentences, the order of operations are used to make math sense. Whenever the order of operation is not indicated by grouping symbols, there is a standard order of operations to be followed. That order is Exponents, Multiplication, Division, admittance and Subtraction from left to right. In mathematics, more than in some other forms of written expression, ambiguity essential be eliminated. Otherwise, different people may assign different meanings to the same symbols, and communication is faulty. Ambiguity is eliminated utilize grouping symbols and the order of operations rule.

Commonwealth of Nations Essay Example for Free

Commonwealth of Nations Essay at bottom Jewish SynagogueThe Paradesi Synagogue is the oldest active1 tabernacle in the Commonwealth of Nations,2 located in Kochi, Kerala, in southward India. It was built in 1568 by the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community of interests in the nation of Cochin. Paradesi is a word use in several(prenominal) Indian languages, and the literal meaning of the term is foreigners, utilise to the synagogue because it was historic solelyy used by light Jews, a mixture of Jews from Cranganore, the Middle East, and European exiles. It is also referred to as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue.The synagogue is located in the quarter of aging Cochin kn have got as Jew Town,2 and is the only one of the seven synagogues in the argona still in use. The complex has fourbuildings. It was built adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace synagogue on the land gifted to the Malabari Yehuden community by the Raja of Kochi, Rama Varma disambiguation needed. The Mattancherry Palace temple and the Mattancherry synagogue sh atomic number 18 a common wall.HistoryThe Malabari Jews organise a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi. The original synagogue was built in the 4th coulomb in Kodungallur (Cranganore) when the Jews had a moneymaking(a) role in the South Indian region along the Malabar coast now called Kerala.It was later move to Kochi from Kodungallur. The first synagogue of the Malabari Jews in Cochin was unmake in the Portuguese persecution of the Malabari Jews and Nasrani people of Kerala in the sixteenth century. The second synagogue, built under the protection of the Raja of Cochin along with Dutch patronage, is the present synagogue. It is called Parad esi synagogue because it was built with Dutch patronage at a time when Kochi was under Dutch occupation, thus the elevate paradesi synagogue or foreign synagogue. In 1968, the synagogue celebrated its 400th anniversary in a ceremony attended by Indira Gandhi, the Indian Prime Minister.Social composition and traditionsThe Paradesi Synagogue had three classes of members.* White Jews were grown members. The White Jews, or Paradesi Jews, were the recent descendants of Sephardim from Holland and Spain. * Black Jews were allowed to worship but were not admitted to full membership. These Cochin Jews were the original Jewish settlers of Cochin. * Meshuchrarim, a group of freed slaves who had no communal rights and no synagogue of their own sat on the floor or on the steps outside. However, in the first half of the twentieth century,Abraham Barak Salem, a meshuchrar, successfully campaigned against this discrimination. As is normal for Orthodox Jewish synagogues, the Paradesi Synagogue ha s separate seating sections for men and women. The Paradesi Synagogue is the only functioning synagogue in Kochi today with a minyan (though this minyan must be formed with Jews from outside Kochi, as the number who still reside thither is not sufficient).In conformity with the Hindu, Nasrani and Moslem traditions of Kerala, the worshippers are required to enter the Paradesi Synagogue barefoot.3 Other facets which are unique to the Cochin Jewish community, and which are results of Hindu influence, include special colors of clothing for each festival, circumcision ceremonies at public worship, and distribution of grapes nasty myrtle leaves on certain festivals. In addition, the Cochin Jews currently have no rabbis, as the community is led by elders. The synagogue is also open to visitors the ticket-seller, Yaheh Hallegua, is the last womanishParadesi Jew of child-bearing age.Objects of antiquityThe Paradesi Synagogue has the Scrolls of the Law, several gold crowns received as gi fts, many Belgian glass chandeliers, and a brass-railed pulpit. It houses the copper plates of privileges given to Joseph Rabban, the earlier known Cochin Jew, dating from the 10th century, written in Tamil on the two plates, by the ruler of the Malabar Coast. The floor of the synagogue is composed of hundreds of Chinese, 18th century, hand-painted porcelain tiles, all of which are unique. There is also an eastern rug, a gift from Haile Selassie, the last Ethiopian Emperor.5 The most visible part of the synagogue is the 18th century clock tower, which, along with other parts of the complex,which underwent repair work under the direction of World Monuments Fund, surrounded by 1998 and 1999.6 Hebraic inscription at the Mattancherry synagogueA tablet from the earlier synagogue in Kochangadi in Kochi (built in 1344) is placed on the outer wall of the Paradesi synagogue. The inscription states that the structure was built in 5105 (in the Hebrew Calendar) as an abode for the spirit of G odDescriptionThe temple was built in first millenary during the time of Kamarupa. Allahabad rock inscriptions of Samudragupta mentioned about it. Temple was destroyed during the middle of second millennium and revised temple structure was constructed in 1565 by Chilarai of the Koch dynastyin the style of medieval temples.2 The current structure has a beehive-like shikhara with delightful sculpturesque panels and images of Ganeshaand other Hindu gods and goddesses on the outside .3 The temple consists of three major bedchambers. The western chamber is large andrectangular and is not used by the general pilgrims for worship. The middle chamber is a square, with a microscopical idol of the Goddess, a later addition.The walls of this chamber contain sculpted images of Naranarayana, related inscriptions and other gods.4 The middle chamber leads to the sanctum sanctorum of the temple in the form of a cave, which consists of no image but a intrinsic underground spring that flows through a yoni-shaped cleft in the bedrock. During the Ambuvaci festival each summer,the menstruation of the Goddess Kamakhya is celebrated. During this time, the piddle in the main shrine runs red with iron oxide resembling menstrual fluid.It is likely that this is an ancient Khasi sacrificial site, and worshiping here still includes sacrifices. Devotees come every morning with goats to offer to Shakti.5 The Kalika Purana, an ancient work in Sanskrit describes Kamakhya as the surrenderer of all desires, the young bride of shivah, and the giver of salvation.Shakti is known as Kamakhya. Kamakhya Temple in Himachal Pradesh.The Kamakhya temple in the lumber region of Polian Purohitan in Una District of Himachal State is situated at about 600 mt above sea level. The Pindi,was brought over by the Rajpurohits of Brahaminical Aryan descent of the sage Vatsayan more or less 800 years ago after the impact of the Shans in 1200C, with the destruction of the first tantric ritual site. The worshi ppers escaped in mass migration from the Garo-Khasi hillregion of Assam, via the Tibet Himalaya silk route to Kashmir .While some left for the north west frontiers, a few families of the Brahamin Vatsayan Rajpurohits sanctified the tantric Kamakhyakuldevi in the wilderness of an discriminate forest hill in Polian Purohitan.Sculptures carved on the templeThe first tantric Kamakhya Temple was destroyed during the Mongol invasion in the Nilachal hills in the 12 BC, so was the fate of the second tantric temple destroyed in the Muslim attacks, probably by the Hindu convert Muslimwarrior Kala Pahad. The Brahaminical myth of the Shakti in the later period led to the worship of the tantric goddess as Hindu Shakti goddess. The worship of all female deity in Assam symbolizes the fusion of faiths and practices of Aryan and non-Aryan elements in Assam.6 The different names associated with the goddess are names of local Aryan and non-Aryan goddesses.7The Yogini Tantra mentions that the religi on of the Yogini Pitha is ofKirata origin.8 According to Banikanta Kakati, there existed a tradition among the priests established by Naranarayana that the Garos, a direct people, offered worship at the earlier Kamakhya site by sacrificing pigs.9 The goddess is worshiped according to both the Vamachara (Left-Hand Path) as well as theDakshinachara (Right-Hand Path) modes of worship.10 Offerings to the goddess are usually flowers, but might include animal sacrifices. In general female animals are exempt from sacrifice, a rule that is relaxed during mass sacrifices.11LegendsA complete view of the templeVatsayana,a Vedic quick-scented in Varanasi during the later first Century was approached by the King in the Himalayan region (now Nepal) to encounter a solution to convert the tribals and their rituals of human sacrifice to a more socially accepted worship. The wise suggested the worship of a tantric goddess Tara that spread towards the eastern Himalayan belt till the Garo Hills whe re the tribals worshipped a fertility yoni goddess Kameke. It was much later in the later Brahaminical period Kalika Purana that most tantric goddess were related to the figment of Shakti and began to be erroneously worshipped as a devi by the Hindus.According to the Kalika Purana, Kamakhya Temple denotes the spot where Sati used to retire in secret to satisfy her amour with Shiva, and it was also the place where her yoni fell after Shiva danced with the corpse of Sati.12 This is not corroborated in the Devi Bhagavata, which lists 108 places associated with Satis body, though Kamakhya finds a mention in a supplementary list.13 The Yogini Tantra, a latter work, ignores the origin of Kamakhya given inKalika Purana and associates Kamakhya with the goddess Kali andemphasizes the creative symbolism of the yoni.Kamakhya during Ahom eraAccording to a legend the Koch Bihar royal family was banned by Devi herself from offering puja at the temple. In fear of this curse, to this day no descen dants of that family dares to even look upward towards the Kamakhya hill while passing by. Without the support of the Koch royal family the temple set about lot of hardship. By the end of 1658, the Ahoms under king Jayadhvaj Singha had conquered the Lower Assam and their interests in the temple grew. In the decades that followed the Ahom kings, all who were either devout Shaivite or Shaktacontinued to support the temple by rebuilding and renovating it. Rudra Singha (reign 1696 to 1714) was a devout Hindu and as he grew older he decided to formally embrace the religion and become an Orthodox Hindu by creation initiated or taking sharan of a Guru, who would teach him the mantras and become his spiritual guide.But, he could not bear the thought of humbling himself in front a Brahmin who is his subject. He consequently sent envoys to Bengal and summoned Krishnaram Bhattacharyya, a famous mahant of Shaktasect who lived in Malipota, near Santipur in Nadia district. The mahant was unwil ling to come, but consented on being promised to be given the care of the Kamakhya temple to him. Though the king did not take sharan, he satisfy the mahant by ordering his sons and the Brahmins in his entourage to accept him as their spiritual guru.When Rudra Singha died, his eldest son Siba Singha (reign 1714 to 1744), who became the king, gave the management of the Kamakhya temple and along with it large areas of land (Debottar land) to Mahant Krishnaram Bhattacharyya. The Mahant and his successors came to be known as Parbatiya Gosains, as they resided on crystallise of the Nilachal hill. Many Kamakhya priests and modern Saktas of Assam are either disciples or descendants of the Parbatiya Gosains, or of the Nati and Na Gosains.

Paper Analysis on the Poem Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay Example for Free

Paper Analysis on the numbers Dulce Et Decorum Est EssayWilfred Edward Salter Owen born 8 March 1893, died on 4 November 1918. Were an English spend and poet ( iodine of the leading poet in World War 1). Wilfred Owen was born at Plas Wilmot, a house in Weston Lane, get along Oswes turn up in Shropshire, on 18 March 1893, of mixed English and Welsh ancestry. He was the eldest of iv children, his siblings macrocosm Har sexagenarian, Colin, and Mary Millard Owen.Line By Line InterpretationLines 1-2 Beggars used to put e genuinelything they owned in some sort of sack which would then carry everyplace their shoulder. The soldier, like the beggar is bent over in pain. The solider could also from the gunman antiaircraft. Knock- kneed, suggest that the soldier is trying to keep his knees together and his feet wide aside as a way to keep him steady so that he can continue to walk. Owen comp atomic number 18s to old beggars and hags as a way to say that the soldiers have lost thei r youthfulness due to fighting in this war. The symptoms listed here is due to a mustard accelerator pedal attack the solider experienced blisters, sore eyes, and vomiting.Line 3-8The solider try to go back to camp to recover from the subjects from the mustard gas attack. Haunting flares are the flashes of brio that accompany artillery shell. Distant rest can be interpreted in two slipway first, when the soldier reaches camp they would be commensurate rest and recovered from the attacks the second interpretation could be decease. It could acquit a while for a solider to die from exposure to mustard gas. Limped on blood shots furthers the opinion that this was a mustard gas attack, because men would get sores over their bodies from being exposed to this gas.Of course, its also feasible that they were just hit with artillery fire but in keeping with the context of this poem it makes more sense that this would be an effect of some sort of gassing. All blind was another symptom of the attack they eyes would become very inflamed and puffed up so that it would make it hard for them to see. Five-nines are the five point nine calibre shells that were discharged on the British soldiers in this particular instant. When the shells were fired they made high pitched sound, described by Owen as hooting.Line9-14This is the part of the poem that describes a chlorine gas attack. An ecstasy of fumbling can be interpreted as the soldier so overwhelmed with being scared and nervousness that they are fumbling with their helmets while they were trying to put them on. The helmets here are referred to as mask gas. There were many varieties of gas mask during WWI with each new development in gas war fare the helmets had to be adapted to protect the soldier. In the early days of chlorine gas attack, men would put damp cloths over their mouths and noses, which would reduce the effects of the gas on the men. Gas masks were after produced to protect soldiers from this gas.Line 1 5-16This section can be read as nightmare. This scene of death haunts the vote counter of this poem these men saw death every day and with the introduction war fare one could argue that death took on a whole new significance for them. The drawn out death of men expose to the gases will leave more of an impression of the mind of that of a quick death. to a greater extent and more men had to be treated for post-traumatic stress disorder due to them not being able to deal with everything that they saw while they were enlisted the solider described here a slowly dying. (Line16) Lists all the actions that a person would do if their air supply was cut-off.Line 17-24This section of the poem describes a soldier with post-traumatic stress would think. The storyteller describes this dream as smothering like he is the one that is suffocating rather than the soldier. There was critical that cloud be done for the soldiers once they were expose through this gas and that made that people exper ience really uneasy. Like a devils sick of sin could mean that the soldier was as tired as the devil of the sin that he and others took part in. The bloods come gargling from the froth- corrupted lungs is a very descriptive image that would probably make anyone sick to their stomach if they actually had to see it first-hand. This is an image that would pegleg with someone for a long time, haunting their memories. It is these kinds of memories that can cause post-traumatic stress disorder.Lines 25-28Owen is referring to Jessie Pope when he says My friend. He is telling her that is she knew the reality of the war she would not be propagandizing it to young men. Pope prays on the young mens want to be glorious heroes without telling them the ramifications of enlisting Significance of the TitleThe title is significant because e it highlights the curse and reality of war especially on the first war. The war is reflected in the Latin word DULCE ET decorousness EST PRO PATRIA MORI. This phrase can be translated as it is sweet and rite to die for your country. Owen states as an gray-headed Lie and he illustrates this in the poem. His illustration of the reality war is that an incident of exhausted soldier cover through the mud of the soldiers. They are leaved the front line in order to rest for a few days in a safer place. However the group is attacked by mustard gas. One soldier was last in putting his mask. Owen describes the symptoms shown by7 the man as the poison slowly kills him.Tone of the PoemThe heart of the poem is harsh due to the diction. Coughing like hags, Curse through sludge Poetic Devices hang double is an example of an hyperbole it conveys the feeling of exhaustion felt by the soldiers, were carrying heavy packs and being on the lookout in the trenches. Metaphor Drunk with fatigue the feeling the soldier were having due to mustard gas effect Alliteration Knock-kneed coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge. create and impression of panic an urgencies. illustration Like a man in fire or lime to express the burning and blistering of the pain caused by the mustard when it came into contact with their skin. Rhyme Sacks backs, sludge- trudge, boots-hoots

Special Education Classroom Essay Example for Free

Special Education Classroom EssayThe purpose of this crystallise is to know whether or not the Discrete running games train, ace of the main strategies under the Applied deportment summary of Lovaas, is an effective and applicable strategy for e picky(a) nipperren students especi all(prenominal)y those who are severely mentally handicapped. Knowing whether or not this strategy is effective for superfluous sisterren, this could be considered as the immediate instruction that will be apply by teachers for special children who are mentally handicapped.This correction will look into whether on that point would be progress on the rearment of a mentally handicapped child when applying the Discrete Trials Training if results will show that there are im upgradements on the performance of the student, thusly this study could be considered as a reference to support the strategys effectualness. Information in this belles-lettres reappraisal was gathered with the access ibility of confused online resources.The online libraries for diametrical researches such as Questia and ERIC libraries were used as search engines to provide various abstracts and overviews of researches about separate trial culture. This literary works refresh also made use of online libraries that specifically manipulate researches in line with special pedagogy. These online sources are Research Autism, Holding Thresholds, Down Syndrome Online, Central Valley Autism stray and Comprehensive information on Autism, Autism Spectrum, and Consulting Services.Different researches that are found to be helpful for this literature retrospect were accessed done these websites. Aside from online research libraries, there are also information used in these literature reviews that were accessed through the website of a university, the University of Wisconsin-Stout. The main motive in conducting such a review is to prove whether the trenchant trial fosterage strategy of teaching is an effective way for special children specially those who realise fuss in generalization of ideas and concepts. Historical OverviewIt has always been a challenge for special fosterage teachers or instructors to develop new and innovative ways to help special children learn considering their mental capabilities. Special children are called special because they have special and different needs. The hire of educators of special children to posses the most(prenominal) effective strategy in promoting discipline in the mental thinking of a child is the primary reason why this literature review is done. At this point, there are many strategies that have been discovered by different people, but the interrogatory remains Which one would be the most effective strategy to use?One of the many strategies that could be used in special education classes is Discrete Training Trials which is the main strategy of the Applied Behavior Analysis approach created by Lovaas (Discrete trial planni ng, 2010). If a number of researches have already been done to prove that this strategy would be most effective for the mental growth of a special child then more and more schools could adopt this strategy into their own so that the development of a special child can be assured. Relevant Theoretical LiteratureSince there are a number of strategies that have been authentic, the search for the best and most effective strategy to implement inside the classroom is what this review is all about. The strategies that have been formulated have their basis on different breeding theories. The Discrete Trial Training strategy is one of the many Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) approaches. In one literature review, the different airal approaches were examined to have their basis on the behavioral theory of Skinner (Benedict, 2007).Considering the behavioral theory of Skinner, Lovaas developed the Discrete Trial Training as a strategy that upholds the view of behaviorists that learning could be acquired through the use of positive and negative reinforcement (Benedict, 2007). This literature reviewed that the learning theory basis of the Discrete Trial Training under the Applied Behavior Analysis is grounded on the behaviorist learning principle which make use of imitation and reinforcement.This literature also reviewed that the children with special needs who experienced such mode of learning had perceptible development (Benedict, 2007). Applied Behavior Analysis in one study is mentioned to be the study of behavior and the manipulation to achieve a desired behavior and reduce and eventually remove an undesired behavior (Choutka et al. , 2004). With the Discrete Trial Training as one of its subsets, this particular strategy is give tongue to to supervise skill acquisition by undergoing a one-on-one instruction (Choutka et al. , 2004).The study also talked about how this particular strategy lacks research to support the reliability and effectiveness of such strategy. Relevant Research There has been an occurring apparent movement as to whether which strategy to implement is most effective for special children. In one study of the counsellor of the separate trial fostering strategy, Dr. O. Ivar Lovaas conducted behavior modification treatments for children with autism and after post treatment, results showed progress in the childrens comprehension and mental development were undoubtedly apparent (Lovaas, 1987).Results also manifested that this type of procedure could be used for other disorders that children may have, one of which could be schizophrenia (Lovaas, 1987). It is also found in one literature that studied the effectiveness of the distinguishable trial training for the treatment of children with autism. It is said in this study that the discrete trial training method could be used to advance childrens skills and at the same eon manage their corresponding negative behavior (Smith, 2001).This research gathered all the necessary inf ormation regarding the rudimentary steps of the discrete trial training, the time frame that each child must undergo the said strategy and what other strategies that could be combined with the use of the discrete trial training to further intone the development of the child (Smith, 2001). It is also discussed in this study that to effectively implement the discrete trial training strategy inside the classroom, teachers should undergo intensive and specialized training (Smith, 2001).Results showed that though the discrete trial training is a necessary strategy to help children with autism in their mental development, this strategy alone would not be sufficient (Smith, 2001). Though this may be the result of such studies, the researcher believed that there should be more studies and evaluation of the said strategy to further enhance and improve this particular strategy. This study of Smith showed the demand for a thorough evaluation and study of the effectiveness of the discrete tri al training as a strategy in the mental development of a child.Another study examined and reviewed other studies, researches on the effectiveness of the discrete trial training as one of the treatment programs for the development of children with autism. This study reviewed how the applied behavior analysis method, most specifically the discrete trial training, is used to treat children with autism (Tews, 2007). After reviewing various studies and results, the review concluded that the method under the applied behavior analysis which is the discrete trial training is one possible strategy to help children with autism (Tews, 2007).Another study discussed the use of the discrete trial training to aerate the spontaneity of special childrens response (Feeley and Jones, 2008). The study discussed how the discrete trial training provides much guess to teach children in such a short span of time by using reinforcements to lace positive responses (Feeley and Jones, 2008). Results showed that the effectiveness of a strategy should not solely rely on which skill to appear to, rather consider which skill a child must acquire immediately (Feeley and Jones, 2008). Implications for PracticeThese researches showed that there is a need to continuously study and evaluate strategies and programs that would be implemented inside the special education classrooms. The researches showed inconsistent results, which give it more reason to further give emphasis on the study whether the discrete trial training is indeed an effective strategy to improve the mental development of a special child. Though there have been numerous studies and researches about the effectiveness of such strategy, these studies also pose questions that come out to be unanswered until now.This only implies that though this strategy has already been implemented to other special education classrooms, the inconsistency of the results should be considered as a sign that this strategy is not applicable for ever y child. Implications for doubtfulness Though there are a number of studies about the effectiveness of the discrete trial training strategy to improve the mental development of a child with special needs, there is a noticeable inconsistency with the results of these studies conducted.This means that there is still a great deal of further research to be done and consistent results should be seen to prove that discrete trial training is indeed an effective strategy to use for the mental development of a special child. Summary The studies that are cited in this review of literature examined whether the discrete trial training is an effective strategy to use for the mental development of a child with special needs. In this study, there will also be adaptations as to how this strategy is implemented to special children in other researches.There will be interventions using the discrete trial training for the development of special children. Before and after the discrete trial training is implemented, the performances of each child will be compared and the result of this comparison will serve as the findings and conclusion of this study. This study would most likely be the same as that of previous studies as regards to the effectiveness of the discrete trial training however most of these studies require further studies as well.References Benedict, C. S. (2007) Communication intervention for children with autism a literature review, Retrieved from http//www. uwstout. edu/static/lib/thesis/2007/2007benedictc. pdf Choutka, C. , Doloughty, P. T. and Zirkel, P. A. (2004) The discrete trials of applied behavior analysis for children with autism outcome-related factors in the case law. Questia, 38. Retrieved from http//www. questia. com/googleScholar. qstjsessionid=MDDf7QMp2FwKnvN1r83h HlgdnDzL36BblJL6C3hLKd1TLTLcFgs 1115883797 2083947951? docId=5006551916 Discrete Trial Training (2010, May 20).Retrieved from http//www. researchautism. engagement/interventionitem. ikmlpr intra=92infolevel=4 Feeley, K. and Jones, E. (2008) Teaching Spontaneous Responses to a Young Child with Down Syndrome, 12. Retrieved from http//www. downsyndrome. org/case- studies/2007/case-studies-2007. pdf Lovaas, O. I. (1987) Behavioral Treatment and normal Educational and Intellectual Functioning in Young Autistic Children, 55 (1), pp. 3-9. Retrieved from http//www. cvapinc. org/files/1987_Lovaas_Study. pdf Smith, T. (2001) Discrete trial training in the treatment of autism, Retrieved from http//petemolino. com/uploads/Smith_-_DTT_in_Tx_of_Autism. pdfTews, L. (2007) Early intervention for children with autism methodologies critique. Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Retrieved from http//www. eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini. jsp _nfpb=true_ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ812650ERICExtSearch_Searc Type_0=noaccno=EJ812650 Tews, L. (2007) Research archaeozoic intervention for children with autism methodologies critique. Healing Thr esholds, 35 (1), Retrieved from http//autism. healingthresholds. com/research/early-intervention-children-autism methodologies-critique

Hand book customer service Essay Example for Free

Hand word of honor client returns EssayPolicies policies (structure, use, focus, guest requirements/expectations, product and service knowledge, reference book, confidentiality, customer perceptions and satisfaction, monitor customer service and satisfaction, influences affecting implementation, effective communication)Quality of service methods of assessment customer expectations standardised procedures codes of practice lag levels ( catering levels, staff competency, flexibility, reliability and responsiveness)Evaluation purpose sources of feedback accuracy relevance reliability validity methods of data collection improvements staff training and catchment Hospitality industry industries inwardly the hospitality industry eg hotels, restaurants, pubs, bars and nightclubs, contract f ar service providers, hospitality services, membership clubs, events2. make the purpose of promoting a customer-focused culture Communication types eg verbal, non-verbal body language, pen type s of response use effectCustomer central role customer service culture identifying and analysing customer requirements and expectations influences of service provision on customer perceptionsBenefits of improved service customer satisfaction, repeat transaction, improved reputation, change magnitude profit3. Be able to investigate customer requirements and expectations Requirements sources of information eg customers, staff, management, customer records, past information staff HandbookC. UgojiSept, 2013Page 2whole HandbookUnit 4 The Customer Service primordial look for primary research eg sampling, qualitative, quantitative interview eg individual, group, survey, observation contact methods eg mail, telephone, personalSecondary research internal eg sales records, yield data, financial information, client databases external eg government publications, trade journals, periodicals, professional associations, study organisations, commercial data Satisfaction levels planning strategy assessment of options victimisation researched information role of the line of merchandise and services manager staffing levels motivating staff improvements4. Be able to provide customer service within business and services contexts to meet required standardsTypes of customers different age groups eg the elderly, children different cultural backgrounds special needfully eg physically disabled satisfied dissatisfied under influence eg drugs, alcohol, medicationCustomer needs customer needs eg products and services, urgent, non-urgent, special requirements, quality of service, value for money, cultural, social trends eg fashion, ergonomic, equipment, training, products and services, consumer protection legislationCustomer service consultation advice personal selling complaints procedure reception skills confidentialityLearning OutcomesTo achieve this unit leaner must1. Understand customer service policies within business and services contexts2. Understand the purpose of promoting a customer-focused culture3. Be able to investigate customer requirements and expectations 4. Be able to provide customer service within business and services contexts to meet required standards.T each(prenominal)ing strategies usedFollowing are the different teaching and knowledge strategies, a description of how they work, where they have been applied, results, and where to find more information from individuals, books, web sites, and other resources.Lecture NotesThe to the highest degree basic way of supporting teaching in this module a place for students to access jaw notes. The main advantages are reduction in the amount of college Module HandbookC. UgojiSept, 2013Page 3Unit HandbookUnit 4 The Customer Servicephotocopying and students can access notes prior to lecture and trick out themselves.Presenting LecturesDisplaying these lecture notes with the addition of projectors using power point presentation slides to visualize the information to the students. An increasing m annikin of ways are utilizing to reach students of all different learning styles, to help the students to understand complicated concepts and recall them better by using master graphic tools both on whiteboard and on computers.Interactive TutorialsA set of questions have been designed for each session in assessing student learning of subject press using both paper based and computer based assessment techniques.The web and web authoringStudents are directed to use the advanced search engine to navigate the correct and legitimate information for their assignment. variant search engines compile information using different criteria and have access to different databases. Applying technology to develop students higher order skills and creativity to manage student learning activities in a technology-enhanced environment.Group DiscussionsThe students result be give topics and some cases with the use of case study that relates to the topic covered in each session. There will also be a f ollow up on the discussion using group presentation and class assessment as the case may be.Summary of lectureFor any session, there will be overall summary at the end teaching session.Attempting the passing banner in classThe student must attempt one or more learning subject question covered in each session and the evidence will be documented

Cons of Playing Video Games Essay Example for Free

Cons of Playing Video Games examineVideo game is a series of 2D or 3D world created by causation or editor to allow public experience by representing as a person or animal inside. In my humble opinion, contend delineation games have more cons than pros. My essay will pick out you that playing video games have more cons because it wasting time, cause indulgence, side magnetic core on trunk health and cause volatility. In the 21 century, video games not only available for boys, it is too already become part of the girls life style. Although most of the teenagers like to play video games, nevertheless playing video games is really wasting our time. Commonly, video game is story style and continuously. So, we will carry a lot of time to finish one chapter or complete a task. Regarding to that, our time to doing our provision or revision becomes less. Students may be scolded by teacher or being demerit for not completing their homework. Finally, the result of the students m ay be affected. Playing video games will also cause indulgence. The interest story lines encourage people to indulge in video games.They usually play the video games until go away to eat, wash and rest. Some of them even play the video games until the whole day. This endangers one person life. Among these few month, thither are report on teenager die in front of computer and the causes of death is due to play video games three days non-stop. The main reason is do not have plenty rest. Besides that, playing video games for persistent term will also cause side effect or negative effect on body health. One of the effect is eating without follow the actual time.When playing video games, a person will always play until forget the time and leave off out the lunch time and dinner time. Sitting in front of the computer for a long period of time without moving will also increase the risk of obesity and give weight to the spiral cord. Tiredness of eye and fingers are also caused by look ing at the screen and typewriting for too long, At the other sides, video games also encourage teenager to involve in volatility. many a(prenominal) of the video games contain volatile issues like video games that involving fight and guns.If a person cannot control himself, he will slowly follows the attitude of the character inside and involves in volatile. Teenager probably will also unable to come back to reality world as the illusion world in video games are always perfect as it can be change according our favorable. In conclusion, playing video games have more cons than pros. Teenagers must not be besotted video games too much. In fact, they should spend their time on enjoying their teenagers life.

Nike vs Adidas Essay Example for Free

Nike vs Adidas EssayNikes business strategyIn order to get a gain of Nike and how its changing the world today with its modernistic products, we must first take a glance at the history of the company and how it all began. Bill Bowerman was a nationally respected track and field coach at the University of Oregon and the founding father of Nike. Bill was always seeking to find ways in order to give his athletes a competitive advantage experiencing with track surfaces, energy drinks but most importantly- innovative running shoes. Nikes business strategy is committed to providing athletes somewhat the world with innovative products and committed to serving athletes, honour shareholders and being an industry leader in the shoe foodstuff in particular. A golden shake between Bil Bowerman and Phil knight began the era of Nike over 5 decades and what it is today. Nike has adopted a differentiation focus by implementing what Nike call a consumer focused category strategy.Nikes busi ness strategy is committed to providing the most innovative products around the world to athletes and consumers across the globe. Nike carries an arsenal of products that allow the company to continue growth through increased market place capacity and penetration with decisions that involve outsourcing manufacturing to low-cost areas in the world, investing in research and education of innovative products and aggressive marketing strategies that are beyond conventional. Their consumer focused strategy enhances gives them great leveraging efficacy to deliver great product and elevated consumer experiences which will help grow the NIKE Brand.http//www.nikebiz.com/crreport/content/pdf/documents/en-US/full-report.pdf http//www.nikeresponsibility.com/http//www.nike.com/nikeihm/about/business.shtmlhttp//nikeinc.com/ tidings/nike-inc-introduces-2015-global-growth-strategy http//www.slideshare.net/joshuasteinberger/adidas-nike-case-study http//nikeinc.com/pages/history-heritagehttp//prezi .com/kg1omedww1k7/global-strategy-presentation-nike/

Louis MacNeices and Thom Guns poems Essay Example for Free

Louis MacNeices and Thom Guns metrical compositions EssayLouis MacNeices and Thom Guns meters use the first voice to look at have a bun in the oven through babies eyes. They help us see that babies, unborn or newborn, be living merely powerless beings. They crapper think and feel but cannot make decisions or changes in their cognizes. MacNeices piece is burthen with desperate pleas from the uterus for a chance to live while Gunns poem takes on a lighter tone towards a newborns differ to leaving the comfortable and familiar uterus. Written in the form of a prayer, the Prayer in front Birth addresses God as its audience but the poets intention is re wholey to decry the horrors of abortion to the reader. The poem takes on a troubled tone of one who is facing death sentence. The centers of its tone are made stronger through the use of the first soul in the impotent unborn youngster to lose ones temper the fact that it is alive and not separaten a choice for its life. Each stanza repeats the fact that it has yet live. This even off the reader into the speakers thick(p)est burden as it reveals its concerns.The poem also uses images associated with pains and fears the speaker faces to communicate its tone of deep depression. The first stanza shows us a childs nightmare of bat, rat and ghoul followed by equipment of torture such as walls, racks and drugs then criminal acts of treason and murder men in authority as in gaga men, bureaucrats and manwho thinks he is God and finally the vivid description of the brutal act and the detachment of the speaker from its obtain of humanity. All these depressive images are interrupted only in the third stanza, with a sense of longing and in warmer tone, to experience life from childhood (being dandle) to death (being guided by a white light). It brings images of record and life and all that we take for granted.Even the poems structure supports the tone. The long sentences and heavy-sounding words (dragoon, dissipate and bloodsucking) communicate a heavily laden heart. The poem moves slowly with increasing length at distributively stanza and that tells of a intensify sense of hopelessness. The sixth stanza is very short as if to communicate the end of the hope. The last stanzas lines shorten with each subsequent plea as if to signify the shortening timeleft.The poet chooses words that support the deeply burdened tone and evoke the readers emotional response. This is especially so when an innocent unborn has been subjected various agents of abortion in the form of creatures of the night (bat, rat and ghoul), equipment of torture (walls, racks and blood-baths), criminal acts (treasons and murder) and unloving human (lovers, beggars and bureaucrats). They communicate uncaring, cold and ghastly in achieving their ends without regard to the subject. Many rarely used heavy-sounding and multi-syllabus words add to the ominous mood as they dragoon, dissipate and engendered the speaker.And th en the word thistledown also helps add the finality of the act as we picture the fetus as unattached weed just go directionless and lifeless (hither and thither) to be spilled like body of water into the drain. The use of the word me gives a picture of helplessness to be subjected to other peoples direction (think me, beyond me, live me, curse me, lecture me and hector me). The sum effect of the dramatic play of words is designed to form the dark, troubled mood of one facing death sentence and to draw a response from the reader.On the other hand, Gunn also uses the first voice but he gives the protesting baby a less extreme tone. His intention is to explain the babys first cry and he thinks that it is from its reluctance to leave an environment of security and eagerness for a strange and cold world. The poem carries an angry tone of complains (Things were different inside)and warm tone of memories (The unadulterated comfort of her inside). Like the previous poem, the effect of its tone is made stronger through the use of the first person who shares its experience first hand. Yet unlike the first poem, the tone it carries is not as overwhelming as to evoke a respond from the reader for it hints that it is only temporal (I may forget).Gunns poem also uses images but those of contrasting scenes to communicate its objection to the changes. One can hear the warm and longing tone as the baby thinks of the snug and secure jolly and padded and the perfect comfort of her inside. Otherwise, the poem moves in displeasure as itcompares the warm and wet and black womb with a rain of blood and the discomfort of the lighted outside world, the exposed and spacious rustling bed and the changes that comes when all time roars. Like MacNeices poem, it also communicates a helpless baby in the midst of the situation it cannot change as it lies raging, small, and red. And it may continue to folly till it forgets for it has no choice to the matter of whether it wants to be born.Gunns poem is designed to support the tone of protest through its fast-paced, easy-to-read rhythm and rhyme and its short and even sentences. These, as compared with Prayer before birth, give the effect of a less forceful albeit angry tone. Its pace slow down a little in the last two stanzas (with longer vowels sleep, soon, womb and board) as the child gets tired and slips into dreams of the familiar surrounding again.The poem keeps the lighter tone and moves with ease through informal and conversational language. Many of the words chosen in this poem refers to tangible objects as in womb, bed and room. The tone is also supported by choosing single-syllabi carry out words like fall, ride, tuck and lie. All those action words imply how quickly everything happens between birth and the babys sleep. Many words also indicate the drastic differences the baby has to endure at birth e.g. from offstage to a shared environment from the warm and wet and black womb to a lighted room an d from padded and jolly to rustling. All these imply changes the baby needs to adjust to. But they are all temporal shock and the protest will not last even though the newborn may fight it But I wont forget that I regret. And eventually, all that is left of the memory of the womb may exist only in the babys dream.Both poems revolve around the subject birth and give thought to life. The main difference is that MacNeices poem is meant to evoke a response or perhaps farm the reader to action while Gunns poem only wants to share a response of a baby at birth.

Notes on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Notes on The Adventures of huckleberry Finn Es offerThough the invigorated is empower The Adventures of huckleberry Finn and the story is told by huckaback, the appoint reference in the novel is Jim The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn has two strike characters, one is the buckle d take in Jim, the other the booster unit Huck. Jim and Huck could each be considered the key characters for different actors, Jim as he is the principal(prenominal) typical of the typical slave (slavery being the intimately important theme of this novel) and Huck for he is the important storyteller. Jim is an important character in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and with bring away him the novel would be ineffectual. However The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel rough the adventures of the protagonist Huck, and it is more likely that the key character of this novel is Huck because we see everything from his view. In a novel which is written as a satiric social comment upon the southern states of America Jims role as the manifestation of slavery must be a key one.Incidents in which Jim interacts with other characters and their reactions to him are meant to present the wider societys touchs on slaves and the practice of slavery. Jim, is a heroic figure in a book whose main characters inhabit of liars, cheats and scoundrels. Jim always does the right thing if he can, he always feels empathy for others even if those people show no such emotions for him. The incidental at the end of the novel when he saves Tom and risks what he be roostves to be his wee freedom is a case in point.We empathise with Jim because even though other characters suggest that his feelings are least important, whose life is lesser, whose existence is trivial, he manages to stay cheerful, and even kind to those who treat him in this manner. This feel puffs him even more heroic, for he is a figure who turns the other cheek, and is kind to others no matter what. Jim doesnt lie or cheat, or steal or gamble and looks bug out on these activities. Jim is never bitter, he never complains, and never expects Huck to return or even notice what he does for him.However this is no to say that Huck is not heroic himself, his support for Jim, a black man, who Huck has been taught is inferior and as important as a pack horse is astounding, and displays that Huck is strong enough and heroic enough to make the harder choice and choose his heart over his conscience. An example of Huck choosing his heart occurs just after Jim has been change by the King and the Duke for forty dollars, Huck believes he has been forced to make a choice among Jim and heaven. He chooses Jim with the words All right then, Ill go to hell.It is Jims escape and the subsequent threat of his re-capture that provides the reason for himself and Huck to leave the island and travel down the river where most of their adventures occur. Without Jim both would lack a reason for Huck to travel down the river and experience what he experiences, without Jim this would be little more than a story about a boy who fakes his own death, and then lives on an island. Add to this the fact that Jim is the leader during the travel down the river. He is the one who knows all the signs of weather, either good or bad, it is he who makes their journey its success and ensures their lives.Jim is the maturest out of himself and Huck. Hucks immaturity is shown when he puts the rattlesnake in Jims sleeping bag, or when he plays a befuddle on Jim during the fog. Jims maturity is displayed by his reaction to the incident when Huck plays a trick on him during the fog. Without Jim the novel would be innefectual because Hucks development would be stunted without him. hotshot prime example of Jims importance occurs when Huck comes closer to full realising that Jim is a real person too and the colour of his skin does not diminish his humansity.Huck has clear that Jim is a human and that he should no t play tricks on him or regard him as stupid, near the end of the novel Huck says I knowed he was white inside, Huck is expresing his realisation that Jim is a human in the barely way he knows by means of making Jim white. Hucks realisation is well brought across to us just after he has hidden in the fog, and returned to Jim, Jim works out that Huck is trying to trick him and reacts very badly to Hucks prank. Huck then says.it was fifteen minutes before I could work myself to grim to a nigger- but I done it, and I warnt ever sorry for it afterwards, neither. I didnt do him no more mean tricks, and I wouldnt done that one if Id knowed it would make him feel that way. Huck and Jim have a symbiotic relationship, they need each other Huck unavoidably Jim to remain dynamic and keep our attention, and Jim needs Huck to justify his presence in the novel. Jims effect on Huck is huge it is through Jim that Huck begins to learn about how the colour of skin does not alter the person insid e.An example of this occurs when Huck says and I do believe he cared just as much for his people as white kinfolk does for theirn . Huck justifies Jims existence as a character of substance in this novel, for through helping Huck and caring for him, Jim is makes an impact on the reader, and hence makes his position in the novel as one of its main characters more tenable. However while it is obviously true that Jim teaches Huck he is not Hucks only teacher, some(prenominal) other characters such as Pap and Tom also teach Huck valuable lessons.One example of Huck being taught by someone other than Jim occurs when Huck says If I never learnt nothin else out of pap, I learnt that the best way to get along with his kind of people is to let them have their own way. It is through Huck and his reactions to various events that Twain passes on his opinions to the reader. Huck is a character through which the author, in Twain puts across his point of view, for example Hucks realisation tha t Jim is also a human and also important. Twain is trying to get this message across to the public. Huck is a representation of the common person at the beginning of the novel.He is white, uneducated, simple, and not willing to think about what he is told just willing to accept it. Hucks realisations about right and wrong, and importantly his own ability to determine this for himself are drawn out and argued logically inside a story which will hold the readers attention. Through Huck Twain frames all the key issues of freedom, racism and slavery, personal integrity and social rebellion against social attitudes of the period. This occurs when Huck interacts with key characters who are representative of a theme or an idea being presented by Twain.For example his interaction with Tom who represents received social attitudes, as the novel progresses Huck is less inclined to accept what Tom says or does as correct. One example of this occurs when Huck quits Tom Sawyers band of thieves, he no longer agrees with Tom, and some of Toms imagined incidents such as that of rading the summer school picnic no longer hold any sufferance with Huck. This moving away from Tom and what he represents, is an indication of Twains rejection of conventional social values.Jim is the symbolic representation of only one of these points of discussion, slavery. Jim is only a part of that whole because he represents only one of the themes that Twain is discussing in this novel. Unlike Huck, Jim is not the one who reveals the authors opinions through his actions and reactions he is merely representative of one of these ideas. Without Hucks presence the novel lacks a unifying element. Jim is unable to fill the void in this regard as he is a relatively static character who does not change.This is unlike the dynamic Huck who changes some of his opinions and learns about galore(postnominal) things ranging from serious issues such as slavery to simpler things such as to how to discern what the weather will be. The most important factor that leads me to argue that Huck is the protagonist comes from the fact that the whole novel is told in low person. It is Hucks views not Jims that we get, it is his outlook that colours our opinion, and most importantly his vernacular we read. In fact Jim himself is seen through Hucks eyes, with Hucks opinion colouring our own.Huck is omnipresent, this is not so with Jim he continuously disappears when it does not serve Twain to have him in the episode. Debates inside Hucks mind, the incident when Huck plays a trick on Jim during the fog, and even the whole Shepardson, Grangerford incident are lacking the presence of Jim. When Huck meets the Shepardsons and the Grangerfords, for example Jim magically disappears into the bushes to repair the raft. Huck is in every moment of the novel, and other characters are merely there because they interact with Huck, Jim is no exception.Jim is an extremely important character in The Adventures of H uckleberry Finn. Jim represents slavery the major theme of the novel, is forgiving, and kind, however this makes him a heroic character, not the key character. Huck on the other hand is the key character by virtue of his predominance throughout the book, he is on every page, and every line and unlike Jim he is the character who reveals and in effect discusses issues through his reactions, action and interaction with other characters. Hence it is fair and logical to conclude that although important Jim is not the key character of the novel, that honour must go to Huck.